would judge, distinguish it from its competitor or compatriot Arcadie.

The magazine started out bravely; the first issue was of respectable size and acceptable format. From its second issue it was printed on high quality paper, bore a very attractive cover and contained a few good photographs which were either physique or character studies. The editorials were brave and optimistic; the prognosis seemed good.

It soon became evident, however, that the new magazine was to have its share of difficulties. In the first place there was considerable difficulty in finding in traditionally free and liberal Paris a printer who dared to print the magazine and it seems that because of this the first issue actually appeared long after the date first planned. But a printer was finally found and this hurdle was crossed.

Now some of ONE's readers may know, and all should know, that the France of the great Revolution, the France which gave birth to the rights of man, the France which in large part inspired our own Declaration of Independence, our Constitution and Bill of Rights, the France of "free love" and personal liberty is now moribund if not dead, throttled by Pétain, De Gaulle and the churchly statesmen and lawmakers of the period since 1942. For well over a century homosexuality was not a crime in France and was not even mentioned, in fact, in the Napoleonic Code. In 1942, however, in a plenary edict issued by Marshal Pétain, and later adopted and confirmed by De Gaulle, homosexuality (at least in any act in which one or both partners was under twenty-one) became a crime. Since 1945 this crime has been ferreted out and persecuted with increasing relentlessness. We now understand that only recently homosexuality as such, without reference to the age of the participants, has been

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made a crime. It is hoped that ONE's readers will read the essay "The Persecution of Homosexuality in France" by Daniel Guérin, which will be published in a later issue of ONE.

It was against this background then that Juventus made its appearance. It soon became clear from intimations in its editorials, in its appeals for subscribers, but primarily in letters from readers that the magazine was having a rough time obtaining subscribers. Readers were apprehensive of appearing on a mailing list which they feared might be seized or scrutinized by the police, readers were fearful and ashamed of having the magazine delivered to their homes or rooming houses, even though Juventus assured its readers that its subscription lists were secure, that the magazine could be mailed in plain envelopes and even addressed, if desired, in care of general delivery.

The first few issues appeared more or less on time but then, for one reason or another, which, I am sure, ONE's readers can appreciate, issues appeared late and some did not appear at all. When this happened jittery subscribers were sure that the tardy or missing issues had been confiscated by the police or postal authorities. The editors denied this, however, and insisted that the delays were due solely to internal difficulties.

On May 1, 1960, issue No. 9 was published. The following is from the editorial page of that issue: "We are still very young but therein lies our strength. This year, during which only nine issues have appeared, has been rich in experience, good and bad but all indispensable to the continuation of our task in the future. Nothing more now stands in the way of the success of Juventus; the decisive hurdle was crossed this last month. This issue appears exactly one month after the preceding one and exactly on

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